Cov cuab yeej steel yog tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav, hnav tsis kam, thiab tawv, ua rau lawv tseem tsis tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau stamping tuag, cov cuab yeej txiav, thiab siab - kev siv kev lag luam. Tus yuam sij rau kev qhib lawv lub peev xwm tag nrho yog nyob rau hauv kev kho cua sov zoo- ua tib zoo tswj cov txheej txheem uas hloov cov hlau tsis huv rau hauv ultra- nyuaj, siab - cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm.
Lub Metallurgical Foundation ntawm Tool Steel Hardening
Cov cuab yeej hlau tau txais lawv cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom siv alloying xws li chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, thiab vanadium, uas tsim cov carbides nyuaj thaum kho cua sov. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau muaj peb theem tseem ceeb:
1. Austenitizing- Cua sov cov hlau mus rau qhov kub thiab txias (feem ntau ntawm 900℃thiab 1250 degree, nyob ntawm qib) kom yaj carbides thiab tsim cov qauv austenitic. Overheating tuaj yeem ua rau grain coarsening, thaum underheating nplooj undissolved carbides, txo hardness.
2. Quenching- Kev ua kom txias sai sai hauv cov roj, polymer, lossis huab cua los hloov cov austenite rau hauv martensite, ib qho ultra- nyuaj tab sis nkig. Cov cua txias yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj kom tsis txhob tawg lossis tawg.
3. Tempering- Reheating rau 150℃-600℃los txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, txhim kho toughness, thiab stabilize lub microstructure. Ntau lub voj voog tempering feem ntau yog siv los xyuas kom meej qhov nyuaj.
Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov tseem ceeb rau cov cuab yeej Steels
Cov cuab yeej sib txawv steel qib xav tau kev kho cua sov kom haum:
● Cold Work Tools Steels (D2, A2, O1)- Ua tiav hardness txog 62 HRC los ntawm siab -kub austenitizing thiab roj quenching. Sib sib zog nqus cryogenic kev kho mob (-196 degree) ntxiv txhim khu kev hnav tsis kam los ntawm kev hloov cov austenite khaws cia.
● Cov Cuab Yeej Kub Ua Haujlwm Hlau (H13, H11)- Ua kom zoo rau thermal qaug zog tiv thaiv, cov hlau no yog tempered ntawm qhov kub siab dua (500℃-600 degree) kom muaj zog hardness (45-52 HRC) thaum tiv thaiv tsis ua hauj lwm ntxov ntxov nyob rau hauv siab -cov ntaub ntawv kub.
● Siab-Speed Steels (M2, M42)- Yuav tsum tau austenitizing ze 1200℃tom qab quenching ceev kom ua tiav 64-68 HRC. Secondary hardening thaum lub sij hawm tempering boosts liab hardness ( khaws cia hardness ntawm siab kub).
Advanced Heat Treatment Technologies
Niaj hnub nimno cov cuab yeej steel manufacturing ntiav txiav -txoj hau kev kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws:
● Kev kho cua sov- Tiv thaiv qhov decarburization thiab oxidation, tseem ceeb rau cov cuab yeej precision.
● Nias Quenching- Txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tuag loj los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab cua txias thaum lub sijhawm txias.
● Induction Hardening- Localized cua sov rau xaiv hardening ntawm tej npoo yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tub ntxhais toughness.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Ua kom ntseeg tau zoo ib yam hardness thiab microstructure yuav tsum tau sim nruj:
● Rockwell & Microhardness Test- Txheeb xyuas qhov chaw thiab qhov tseem ceeb hardness.
● Metallographic Analysis- Tshawb xyuas carbide faib thiab tsim martensite.
● Kev ntsuas kev ntxhov siab seem- Tshawb nrhiav kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tuaj yeem ua rau ua tsis tiav ntxov.
Kev kho cua sov ntawm cov cuab yeej steel yog kev tshawb fawb meej uas sib npaug hardness, toughness, thiab seem stability. Los ntawm kev xaiv qhov tseeb austenitizing kub, quenching nruab nrab, thiab lub voj voog tempering, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau stamping tuag thiab cov cuab yeej txiav uas tiv taus huab cua hnyav thiab kev ntxhov siab. Raws li kev kho cua sov thev naus laus zis hloov zuj zus, cov cuab yeej steel txuas ntxiv mus thawb cov ciam teb ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam.
